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International Personality Item Pool: A Scientific Collaboratory for the Development of Advanced Measures of Personality Traits and Other Individual Differences (http://ipip.ori.org/). Internet Web Site. Scale listed on the IPIP single-construct key as "ADHD (Span et al., 2002)": 12 items, all positively keyed, Cronbach's alpha = .78 as reported by IPIP. It is the IPIP analogue of the measure in Span, S. A., Earleywine, M., & Strybel, T. Z. (2002). Confirming the factor structure of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adult, nonclinical samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(2), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015396926356. See also Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006). The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(1), 84-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007

Licence

Public domain. "Because the IPIP has been placed in the public domain, permission has already been automatically granted for any person to use IPIP items, scales, and inventories for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial." (https://ipip.ori.org/newPermission.htm)

Translation

The Korean wording of the statements and response options is an in-house translation by Human.ai that has not been separately validated.

Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B. T., & Yiend, J. (1997). 'Oops!': Performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia, 35(6), 747-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00015-8

Licence

Research paradigm implemented independently. "No licence. The paradigm is described in the academic literature. We write our own code, instructions and stimuli." (Human.ai research brief on the cognitive tasks, A.2). No third-party code, stimuli or norms are used.

Verbruggen, F., Aron, A. R., Band, G. P. H., Beste, C., Bissett, P. G., Brockett, A. T., Brown, J. W., Chamberlain, S. R., Chambers, C. D., Colonius, H., Colzato, L. S., Corneil, B. D., Coxon, J. P., Dupuis, A., Eagle, D. M., Garavan, H., Greenhouse, I., Heathcote, A., Huster, R. J., . . . Boehler, C. N. (2019). A consensus guide to capturing the ability to inhibit actions and impulsive behaviors in the stop-signal task. eLife, 8, e46323. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.46323

Licence

Clean-room implementation of the published procedure. "Parameters and procedures described in a scientific paper are not protected; implement from the paper and this document (clean room)." (Human.ai research brief on the cognitive tasks, B.2). No code or image from any reference implementation is used.

Fan, J., Gan, J., Liu, W., Zhong, M., Liao, H., Zhang, H., Yi, J., Chan, R. C. K., Tan, C., & Zhu, X. (2018). Resting-state default mode network related functional connectivity is associated with sustained attention deficits in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 319. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00319 (Figures used: the healthy comparison group, N = 36.)

Licence

Cited as the source of published figures shown for context. Nothing from the article is reproduced.

Dang, J. S., Figueroa, I. J., & Helton, W. S. (2018). You are measuring the decision to be fast, not inattention: the Sustained Attention to Response Task does not measure sustained attention. Experimental Brain Research, 236(8), 2255-2262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-018-5291-6

Licence

Cited as the source of published figures shown for context. Nothing from the article is reproduced.

Congdon, E., Mumford, J. A., Cohen, J. R., Galvan, A., Canli, T., & Poldrack, R. A. (2012). Measurement and reliability of response inhibition. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00037

Licence

Cited as the source of published figures shown for context. Nothing from the article is reproduced.

Smittenaar, P., Rutledge, R. B., Zeidman, P., Adams, R. A., Brown, H., Lewis, G., & Dolan, R. J. (2015). Proactive and reactive response inhibition across the lifespan. PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0140383. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140383

Licence

Cited as the source of published figures shown for context. Nothing from the article is reproduced.

Hedge, C., Powell, G., & Sumner, P. (2018). The reliability paradox: Why robust cognitive tasks do not produce reliable individual differences. Behavior Research Methods, 50(3), 1166-1186. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0935-1

Licence

Cited as the source of published figures shown for context. Nothing from the article is reproduced.

Poulton, A., Chen, L. P. E., Dali, G., Fox, M., & Hester, R. (2022). Web-based independent versus laboratory-based stop-signal task performance: Within-subjects counterbalanced comparison study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(5), e32922. https://doi.org/10.2196/32922

Licence

Cited as the source of published figures shown for context. Nothing from the article is reproduced.

Nicosia, J., Wang, B., Aschenbrenner, A. J., Sliwinski, M. J., Yabiku, S. T., Roque, N. A., Germine, L. T., Bateman, R. J., Morris, J. C., & Hassenstab, J. (2023). To BYOD or not: Are device latencies important for bring-your-own-device (BYOD) smartphone cognitive testing? Behavior Research Methods, 55(6), 2800-2812. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-022-01925-1

Licence

Cited as the source of published figures shown for context. Nothing from the article is reproduced.

Arrondo, G., Mulraney, M., Iturmendi-Sabater, I., Musullulu, H., Gambra, L., Niculcea, T., Banaschewski, T., Simonoff, E., Döpfner, M., Hinshaw, S. P., Coghill, D., & Cortese, S. (2024). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Clinical utility of continuous performance tests for the identification of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 63(2), 154-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.03.011

Licence

Cited as a source of the research statement in the notice shown with every task result: that tasks of this kind are not accurate, on their own, at telling people with an attention-related condition from people without one. Nothing from the article is reproduced. What it covers: 19 studies of commercial attention tasks in children and adolescents, not adults and not the task in this report.

Senkowski, D., Ziegler, T., Singh, M., Heinz, A., He, J., Silk, T., & Lorenz, R. C. (2024). Assessing inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the stop-signal task. Neuropsychology Review, 34(2), 548-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-023-09592-5

Licence

Cited as a source of the research statement in the notice shown with every task result: that tasks of this kind are not accurate, on their own, at telling people with an attention-related condition from people without one. Nothing from the article is reproduced. What it covers: 27 studies of the stop task in adults (group difference in stopping time, Hedges' g = 0.51).